Publications

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2007
Michelsen, HA, Liu F, Kock BF, Bladh H, Boiarciuc A, Charwath M, Dreier T, Hadef R, Hofmann M, Reimann J et al..  2007.  Modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot: A summary and comparison of LII models. Applied Physics B. 87:503-521. Abstract
2006
Liu, F, Daun KJ, Snelling DR, Smallwood GJ.  2006.  Heat conduction from a spherical nano-particle: status of modeling heat conduction in laser-induced incandescence. Applied Physics B. 83(3):355-382.
Liu, F, Daun KJ, Snelling DR, Smallwood GJ.  2006.  Heat conduction from a spherical nano-particle: status of modeling heat conduction in laser-induced incandescence. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics. 83(3):355-382. Abstract
Liu, F, Yang M, Hill FA, Snelling DR, Smallwood GJ.  2006.  Influence of polydisperse distributions of both primary particle and aggregate size on soot temperature in low-fluence LII. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics. 83(3):383-395. Abstract
Thomson, KA, Snelling DR, Smallwood GJ, Liu F.  2006.  Laser induced incandescence measurements of soot volume fraction and effective particle size in a laminar co-annular non-premixed methane/air flame at pressures between 0.5–4.0 MPa. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics. 83(3):469-475. Abstract
Liu, F, Stagg BJ, Snelling DR, Smallwood GJ.  2006.  Effects of primary soot particle size distribution on the temperature of soot particles heated by a nanosecond pulsed laser in an atmospheric laminar diffusion flame. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 49:777-788. Abstract
2005
Snelling, DR, Smallwood GJ, Liu F, Gülder ÖL, Bachalo WD.  2005.  A calibration-independent laser-induced incandescence technique for soot measurement by detecting absolute light intensity. Applied Optics. 44:6773-6785. Abstract
Liu, F, Smallwood GJ, Snelling DR.  2005.  Effects of primary particle diameter and aggregate size distribution on the temperature of soot particles heated by pulsed lasers. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 93:301-312. Abstract
2004
Snelling, DR, Liu F, Smallwood GJ, Gülder ÖL.  2004.  Determination of the soot absorption function and thermal accommodation coefficient using low-fluence LII in a laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flame. Combustion and Flame. 136:180-190. Abstract
Tian, K, Liu F, Thomson KA, Snelling DR, Smallwood GJ, Wang D.  2004.  Distribution of the number of primary particles of soot aggregates in a nonpremixed laminar flame. Combustion and Flame. 138:195-198. Abstract
Snelling, DR, Smallwood GJ, Gülder ÖL, Liu F.  2004.  Small particle analysis by laser induced incandescence. Abstract
2002
Snelling, DR, Liu F, Smallwood GJ, Gülder ÖL.  2002.  Determination of the Soot Absorption Function and Accommodation Coefficient Using Low-Fluence LII. Twenty-Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion. :WIP3-1354.
Liu, F, Guo H, Smallwood GJ, Gülder ÖL.  2002.  Effects of gas and soot radiation on soot formation in a coflow laminar ethylene diffusion flame. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 73:409-421. Abstract
2001
Snelling, DR, Smallwood GJ, Gülder ÖL, Liu F, Bachalo WD.  2001.  A Calibration-Independent Technique of Measuring Soot by Laser-Induced Incandescence Using Absolute Light Intensity. The Second Joint Meeting of the US Sections of the Combustion Institute.
Smallwood, GJ, Snelling DR, Liu F, Gülder ÖL.  2001.  Clouds over Soot Evaporation: Errors in Modeling Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot. Journal of Heat Transfer. 123:814-818. Abstract
Smallwood, GJ, Snelling DR, Liu F, Gülder ÖL.  2001.  Clouds over soot evaporation: Errors in modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot. Journal of Heat Transfer. 123:814-818.
Smallwood, GJ, Snelling DR, Neill SW, Liu F, Bachalo WD, Gülder ÖL.  2001.  Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions in the Exhaust of a Diesel Engine. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA).
2000
Snelling, DR, Liu F, Smallwood GJ, Gülder ÖL.  2000.  Evaluation of the nanoscale heat and mass transfer model of the laser-induced incandescence process for excitation intensity prediction. Proceedings of the 34th National Heat Transfer Conference. :NHTC2000-12132.
Snelling, DR, Liu F, Smallwood GJ, Gülder ÖL.  2000.  Evaluation of the Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer Model of the Laser-Induced Incandescence: Prediction of the Excitation Intensity.
Snelling, DR, Smallwood GJ, Sawchuk RA, Neill SW, Gareau D, Clavel DJ, Chippior WL, Liu F, Gülder ÖL, Bachalo WD.  2000.  In-Situ Real-Time Characterization of Particulate Emissions from a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence. Abstract
1999
Snelling, DR, Smallwood GJ, Sawchuk RA, Neill SW, Gareau D, Chippior WL, Liu F, Gülder ÖL, Bachalo WD.  1999.  Particulate Matter Measurements in a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence and the Standard Gravimetric Procedure. Abstract